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Know-how: last mile distribution

KNOW-HOW: CLOSER LOOK
Last mile distribution to low income consumers
Four billion low income people live at the base of the economic pyramid. This untapped market is increasingly heralded for its sheer size, its potential to drive profit and growth and the opportunities it presents for millions of poor households. This market presents opportunities for empowerment and improved livelihoods, but also for profit and growth.
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Despite its promise of growth and development, this market also conventionally called 'hard-to-reach.' Whether the product is lighting, healthcare, stoves, food or consumer goods, it's not enough to have the right product. The right distribution channel is essential too.

Distribution in hard-to-reach markets presents huge challenges: low purchasing power means margins are often small so high volume transactions are needed. But poor infrastructure, dispersed consumers, and low product awareness push costs up. Established marketing networks - whether shops, trucks or dealers – are often not suited to get the product across that 'last mile' to millions of potential consumers.

There is no tried and tested method to drive your product down the last mile, but several useful approaches are emerging from the Facility and IAP Portfolios:

Working with local micro-entrepreneurs and franchisees embedded in local communities.
A growing number of ventures are using or exploring this approach, including Healthstores' network of clinics in Zambia, MAKIT's sanitary product distribution in Kenya, Jita's consumer goods venture in Bangladesh, Calimera Solokraft's drinking water initiative in Tanzania and Sunny People's mobile charging project in Kenya.
Establishing partnerships with existing networks that penetrate low income markets.
Governmental and non-governmental networks may reach further than traditional commerce. In India, MCX reaches farmers via the Indian postal network, while Hindustan Unilever has partnered with micro-finance networks for distributing of water filters.
Partnering with finance providers
to facilitate consumer finance. In Nigeria, Oando Plc. teamed up with advisory firm Althea Capital to provide low-income households with accessible LPG cooking fuels.


RELATED PROJECTS
Jita
Rural Sales Programme, Bangladesh
The Jita programme has created a rural sales-force comprising women entrepreneurs or "Aparajitas", who sell consumer goods in their communities.
GreenLaiti
Renewable energy in Zambia
This venture will market ethanol-based cooking fuel to replace as a cheaper energy source that will benefit low income consumers in local communities.
mKrishi
Agricultural mobile services, India
The initiative offers personalized and integrated services in local languages to low income farmers living in remote areas through their mobile phones.
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FEATURED RESOURCES
Inside inclusive business:
The 'last mile' challenge: limitations of the village entrepreneur model
Checklist:
Reaching the rural consumer
The BOP distribution challenge
Centre for Development Finance report evaluating different inclusive business models


LINKS
Blog: Last mile challenge, going beyond the Village Entrepreneur
Nisha Dutt, India Country Manager discusses the merits of different models fr reaching BOP consumers
Checklist: Developing an inclusive business
Developing and inclusive business - is your comapny prepared?
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